This hub covers drug-resistant epilepsy: When seizures aren’t controlled after trying two appropriate medicines. Research-backed next steps on diet therapies, devices, surgery evaluation, and safety.
If seizures aren’t controlled after two meds, it’s worth at least an evaluation at an epilepsy center.
Not necessarily. Some familiar consider it earlier depending on seizure type and goals.
Yes. Treatment response can change over time, and combinations/approaches matter.
Seizure frequency, triggers, sleep, missed meds, side effects, and rescue med use.
This paper was a systematic review, which means the authors gathered and combined results from earlier studies.
This paper did not test the ketogenic diet in a new group of children.
This study looked at cenobamate used as an add-on seizure medicine in children, teens, and young adults with drug-resistant epilepsy.
This analysis looked at implantable vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in people with drug-resistant primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (PGTCS).
This paper was a systematic review of studies on two neuromodulation treatments for drug-resistant epilepsy: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).
Researchers built a “brain-age” tool from structural MRI scans.
This paper combined results from 13 studies on ketogenic dietary therapies (KDT) for refractory epilepsy in Latin America.
This paper was a systematic review, which means the authors searched for and combined results from earlier studies rather than testing a new device themselves.
This study looked at how low-grade epilepsy-associated brain tumors (LEATs) are currently managed across Europe.