This hub covers drug-resistant epilepsy: When seizures aren’t controlled after trying two appropriate medicines. Research-backed next steps on diet therapies, devices, surgery evaluation, and safety.
If seizures aren’t controlled after two meds, it’s worth at least an evaluation at an epilepsy center.
Not necessarily. Some familiar consider it earlier depending on seizure type and goals.
Yes. Treatment response can change over time, and combinations/approaches matter.
Seizure frequency, triggers, sleep, missed meds, side effects, and rescue med use.
This study looked at a brain device called the RNS System in adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, meaning seizures kept happening despite medicine.
This paper was a review, not a new clinical trial.
This report describes one 8-year-old boy with brain injury from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) who had both dystonia, which causes abnormal muscle tightness and movements, and epilepsy that did not respond to medicine.
This report looked at one person with hard-to-control temporal lobe epilepsy who had part of the hippocampus removed in surgery.
This paper reviewed research on stiripentol, a seizure medicine, in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, or DEEs.
This study looked at whether a protein called PD-1, which helps control immune activity, could be a marker of hard-to-treat epilepsy.
This study was a systematic review, meaning the researchers combined results from many earlier studies.
This abstract describes a planned early-stage clinical trial, not study results.
This paper was a systematic review, which means the authors searched for and summarized earlier studies rather than testing a new device themselves.